Depression Guide
Understanding the Disorder Beyond Sadness
Depression is often misunderstood as simply “feeling sad,” but in reality, it’s a complex medical condition that affects how a person thinks, feels, and functions on a daily basis. It can impact relationships, work, sleep, appetite, and even physical health.
Depression Is More Than Sadness
While sadness is a normal human emotion, depression is persistent and pervasive. It doesn’t always have a clear cause, and it doesn’t simply go away with rest, distraction, or “cheering up.”
Some people with depression don’t even feel sad—they may feel numb, irritable, exhausted, or like life has lost its meaning.
👉Take our free Depression self-check quiz
Common Symptoms of Depression
Symptoms can vary, but typical signs include:
- Persistent low mood or irritability
- Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed
- Fatigue or low energy, even after rest
- Sleep problems (too much or too little)
- Appetite or weight changes
- Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or hopelessness
- Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
- Thoughts of death or suicide
To meet the criteria for clinical depression (Major Depressive Disorder), symptoms typically last at least two weeks and interfere with daily life.
Read More About Depression Symptoms
Types of Depression
Depression isn’t one-size-fits-all. It includes different forms, such as:
- Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): Intense, lasting episodes of low mood and symptoms.
- Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia): Chronic low mood lasting two years or more.
- Postpartum Depression: Occurs after childbirth, involving mood swings and detachment.
- Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): Depression that follows seasonal patterns, often in winter.
- Bipolar Depression: Depressive episodes in the context of bipolar disorder, alternating with periods of mania or hypomania.
What Causes Depression?
Depression can arise from a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors, such as:
- Genetics: Family history increases risk.
- Brain chemistry and hormones: Imbalances can influence mood regulation.
- Stress or trauma: Loss, abuse, or life transitions can trigger or worsen symptoms.
- Medical conditions: Chronic illness or neurological changes can contribute.
- Lifestyle and habits: Poor sleep, isolation, and lack of structure can intensify symptoms.
👉Take our free Depression self-check quiz
How Is Depression Treated?
Depression is treatable, even when it feels overwhelming. Common treatments include:
- Psychotherapy: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy, and other approaches help people understand and reframe unhelpful patterns.
- Medication: Antidepressants can help rebalance brain chemistry, often combined with therapy.
- Lifestyle changes: Regular exercise, sleep routines, and social support are powerful tools.
- Alternative therapies: Mindfulness, acupuncture, and light therapy (for SAD) may also help.
Read More About Depression Treatment
When to Seek Help
If you’ve been feeling down, disconnected, or not yourself for more than two weeks, or if symptoms are affecting your ability to function, it’s time to talk to someone. You’re not alone—and you don’t have to figure it out by yourself.