Depression Symptoms
🧩 Types of Depression: Major, Persistent, Atypical, and More
Not all depression looks the same. While most people associate it with deep sadness or low energy, depression can show up in different forms, durations, and triggers. Understanding the various types of depression helps individuals—and their loved ones—better recognize symptoms and find the right support.
1. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
Also called clinical depression, this is the most well-known type.
Key features:
- Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day
- Loss of interest in most activities
- Sleep and appetite changes
- Fatigue, guilt, hopelessness
- Lasts at least two weeks and significantly impairs daily life
MDD may occur once or in recurrent episodes.
👉Take Our Free Depression Self-Check Quiz
2. Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)
Also known as dysthymia, this is a chronic form of depression.
Key features:
- Depressed mood lasting 2 years or more (1 year for children/teens)
- Less severe than MDD but more long-lasting
- Symptoms may fluctuate but never fully go away
- Can include low energy, poor self-esteem, and difficulty making decisions
Some people with PDD may also experience occasional major depressive episodes—a condition called “double depression.”
3. Atypical Depression
Despite its name, atypical depression is fairly common and has distinct features.
Key features:
- Mood temporarily improves in response to positive events
- Increased appetite or weight gain
- Excessive sleep (hypersomnia)
- Heavy-feeling limbs (leaden paralysis)
- High sensitivity to rejection or criticism
It can be particularly responsive to certain medications or therapy types.
👉Take Our Free Depression Self-Check Quiz
4. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
SAD is depression that follows a seasonal pattern, typically in the fall and winter months when sunlight is limited.
Key features:
- Low energy, sleepiness, and weight gain
- Craving for carbohydrates
- Mood improves in spring and summer
- Linked to disrupted circadian rhythms and low vitamin D levels
Light therapy, lifestyle changes, and medication may be helpful.
Read More About Depression Treatment
5. Postpartum Depression (PPD)
Occurs after childbirth and is more than just the “baby blues.”
Key features:
- Deep sadness, anxiety, or emotional numbness
- Difficulty bonding with the baby
- Feelings of inadequacy or guilt
- Can emerge within weeks or months after giving birth
- Affects both mothers and, occasionally, fathers
PPD is serious and requires prompt support to protect both parent and child.
6. Bipolar Depression
Part of bipolar disorder, not depression alone.
Key features:
- Periods of depression alternate with manic or hypomanic episodes
- Depressive phases may look identical to MDD
- Key difference: a history of elevated or irritable mood, impulsivity, or increased activity levels
Treatment typically includes mood stabilizers—not just antidepressants.
7. Psychotic Depression
A severe form of major depression with psychotic features.
Key features:
- Hallucinations (seeing/hearing things that aren’t real)
- Delusions (false beliefs, often about guilt or punishment)
- Requires a combination of antidepressant and antipsychotic medication
It is rare but very serious and often requires hospitalization.
Symptoms usually begin within 3 months of the event and improve as the person adjusts or receives support.