Adderall vs. Vyvanse for ADHD: What to Consider

Key Takeaways:

When deciding between Adderall and Vyvanse for the treatment of ADHD, remember:

• Both medications are effective for ADHD symptoms.
• Individuals can respond quite differently to each medication.
• Vyvanse lasts longer and potentially lowers abuse potential.
• Adderall has more dosing flexibility with immediate and extended-release options.
• Side effects are similar for both medications but can differ in intensity and duration.
• The choice of Adderall or Vyvanse should be made under the guidance of a health professional, based on individual needs and circumstances.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Medication management frequently plays an important role in managing symptoms and improving everyday functioning for the majority of individuals with ADHD. Adderall and Vyvanse are two of the most popular ADHD stimulant drugs. How do they compare, and what should you and your provider consider when choosing these medications?

How Do Adderall and Vyvanse Work in Treating ADHD?

Both Adderall and Vyvanse are stimulant medications, but they have distinct mechanisms of action.

Adderall's Mechanism of Action

Adderall is a mixture of four amphetamine salts: dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate. The amphetamines act mostly by increasing the amount of  two neurotransmitters: dopamine and norepinephrine.  Adderall's onset of efficacy is usually 30 minutes to an hour and is considered to be short-acting when used for ADHD.

Vyvanse's Prodrug Mechanism

Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine) is unique in that it is a prodrug. That is, it is not active until it is metabolized by enzymes in the body. Once ingested, lisdexamfetamine converts into its active form, dextroamphetamine.

As with Adderall, Vyvanse increases both dopamine and norepinephrine levels within the brain but does so with a longer-lasting effect. It lasts for a maximum of 14 hours, and it's an extended-release ADHD medication suited for individuals that need all-day symptom relief.

What Are the Side Effects and Risks of Adderall and Vyvanse?

Adderall and Vyvanse, while effective ADHD treatments, can cause a variety of side effects. These potential effects are of concern to patients and caregivers alike. Both medications can cause comparable minor side effects, including:

• Decreased appetite and weight loss
• Insomnia or sleep problems
• Headaches and stomachaches
• Irritability and mood changes
• Anxiety or jitters
• Dizziness
• Dry mouth

These side effects are generally mild and will usually decrease  as your body adjusts to the medication.

Serious Side Effects to Watch Out For

While less common, more severe side effects can occur with these two ADHD drugs:

• Cardiovascular problems: Increased heart rate and blood pressure
• Mental health issues: Psychosis or mania in rare cases
• Growth delays in children
• Circulation problems in fingers and toes (Raynaud's syndrome)
• Serotonin syndrome (when combined with certain medications)

If you experience any of these serious side effects, contact your doctor immediately.

Long-Term Effects of Adderall and Vyvanse

There also are potential long-term effects of Adderall and Vyvanse for ADHD treatment. Prolonged use may lead to various health concerns:

Adderall, being an IR drug, has a higher abuse potential than Vyvanse. The prodrug nature of Vyvanse adds to its difficulty for abuse and, therefore, lowers its abuse potential.

How Does Your Provide Chooes Between Adderall and Vyvanse for ADHD?

Choosing between Adderall and Vyvanse depends on several factors. Here are key considerations to help guide your decision:

Match Your Medication to Your Daily Routine

Adderall is available in immediate-release (4-6 hours) and extended-release (12 hours) forms, while Vyvanse lasts 10-13 hours. Consider which better fits your daily schedule and symptom management needs.

Evaluate the Side Effects That Concern You Most

Both medications have similar side effect profiles, but Vyvanse may be better tolerated with fewer severe side effects due to its prodrug formulation.

Consider Your History of Substance Abuse

Vyvanse has a lower potential for abuse compared to Adderall due to its prodrug mechanism, which may be an important factor for those with a history of substance abuse.

Factor in the Cost of Treatment

Generic versions of Adderall are available and can be less expensive than brand-name Vyvanse.

Account for Any Dietary Restrictions

Vyvanse is generally unaffected by diet, while certain foods can impact Adderall's effectiveness.

Patient Age

Age can play a role in medication choice. For younger children, Vyvanse might be preferred due to its once-daily dosing and potentially lower abuse potential. However, Adderall may be more suitable for some adults who need more flexible dosing options.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I switch between Adderall and Vyvanse?

Yes, these drugs can be switched with the help of your provider. They may need to adjust dosages in order to find the right balance.  Remember that you should never make medication adjustments that are not specifically prescribed by your provider as part of your documented treatment plan.

How do these medications impact sleep?

Both Vyvanse and Adderall have the potential to disturb sleep, especially when taken later in the day.

How do Adderall and Vyvanse compare in adults vs. children?

Both medications are effective in both children and adults but with differing dosing and side effect profiles. Children can be more sensitive to side effects and require closer observation.